Formula CV combines hawthorn berry with taurine, carnitine, potassium, magnesium, vitamin E, and selenium to support the normal structure and function of the heart and vasculature. Taurine is the dominant amino acid found in heart muscle, while carnitine helps transport long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy production. Potassium and magnesium support the normal contraction and relaxation of heart muscle, and vitamin E with selenium helps protect blood vessel integrity from oxidative stress. This multi-ingredient formula is often used for senior dogs or breeds with cardiovascular considerations, as directed by a veterinarian. It is not a treatment for diagnosed heart disease, so always work with your vet on cardiac care.